What is the primary function of copper in electrical systems?

The primary function of copper in electrical systems is conduction. Copper is an excellent conductor of electricity, which means it allows electric current to flow through it with minimal resistance. This property makes copper an ideal material for wiring and electrical components, as it ensures efficient transfer of electrical energy.

The atomic structure of copper, featuring a single electron in its outer shell, enables this high level of electrical conductivity. This allows for the quick movement of electrical charges, making copper essential in a variety of applications, from household wiring to industrial machinery. A conductor's ability to minimize energy loss due to resistance is critical for the performance and safety of electrical systems, further underscoring copper's role as a conductor.

Other options like insulation, resistance, and capacitance refer to different characteristics or types of components in electrical systems, but they do not relate to copper's primary role, which is focused specifically on its conductive abilities.