What is the primary function of a step-down transformer?

The primary function of a step-down transformer is to decrease voltage. This device operates on the principle of electromagnetic induction and is specifically designed to reduce the voltage from a higher level to a lower level while simultaneously increasing the current. Step-down transformers are crucial in various electrical applications, particularly in power distribution, where they make it safe and efficient to use electricity at lower voltages for residential and commercial settings.

In the context of electrical systems, lowering the voltage while increasing the current allows for efficient energy transfer and minimizes the risk of electrical shock, making it essential for converting high-voltage electricity—suitable for long-distance transmission—into a usable form for consumers. This process ensures that electrical appliances and devices can operate safely without being exposed to excessively high voltages.