What is a common way HIV can be transmitted?

HIV is primarily transmitted through specific bodily fluids, and sexual transmission is one of the most common routes. This occurs when the virus present in semen, vaginal fluids, or rectal fluids is passed from one individual to another during unprotected sexual intercourse. This method of transmission is particularly significant because it often involves intimate contact, which can introduce the virus into the bloodstream through mucous membranes.

While other options, such as blood transfusions, can also lead to transmission, they are less common due to the rigorous screening of blood products and the rarity of such procedures compared to the frequency of sexual activity. Saliva and shared utensils do not pose significant risks for HIV transmission, as the virus does not survive well outside the human body, and saliva contains enzymes that inhibit the virus. Understanding these modes of transmission is crucial for effective prevention strategies in public health.