Does hotter water significantly increase the effectiveness of hand washing?

The effectiveness of hand washing is more influenced by the technique and duration of washing, as well as the use of soap, than by water temperature. While warmer water can feel more pleasant and may help to dissolve soap better, research has shown that water temperature does not significantly affect the ability of soap to remove germs and dirt from hands.

When hands are washed thoroughly with soap and for at least 20 seconds, the detergents in soap work to lift dirt and pathogens regardless of whether the water is warm, hot, or cold. Therefore, the claim that hotter water significantly increases the effectiveness of hand washing is not supported by scientific evidence, making this option accurate.